Three programs, side by side.

Costa Rica Residency

Temporary residency · Path to permanent residency · Path to citizenship

Paraguay Permanent Residency

Permanent residency

Latvia Golden Visa

Temporary residency

Costa Rica Residency

No capital investment

Paraguay Permanent Residency

From $70,000 · 4 routes

Latvia Golden Visa

€50,000

Costa Rica Residency

• Business investment
• Real estate
• Income requirement

Paraguay Permanent Residency

• Business investment
• Investment fund
• Real estate

Latvia Golden Visa

• Business investment
• Real estate (closed to new applicants since 15 September 2026)

Costa Rica Residency

• Qualifying investment
• Government fees
• Other costs

Paraguay Permanent Residency

• Qualifying investment
• Government fees

Latvia Golden Visa

• Qualifying investment
• Government fees

Costa Rica Residency

7 to 12 months

Paraguay Permanent Residency

3 months

Latvia Golden Visa

1 to 3 months

Costa Rica Residency

Minimal

Paraguay Permanent Residency

Minimal

Latvia Golden Visa

Minimal

Costa Rica Residency

There is no minimum number of days. Temporary residency is cancelled after more than two consecutive years outside Costa Rica, and permanent residency after more than four, unless the absence is justified. An absence of more than one year means a written explanation and a police certificate from the country where you stayed at renewal, so in practice most holders visit at least once a year.

Paraguay Permanent Residency

Permanent residents lose the status if they are absent from Paraguay for more than three years without justifying the absence to the National Directorate of Migration (Law 6984/2022, Article 54); no minimum stay per visit is set.

Latvia Golden Visa

No minimum ongoing physical presence is required for the temporary residence permit; a visit is required to collect the card and provide biometrics. Physical presence is required later for permanent residence or citizenship.

Costa Rica Residency

Temporary residency covers years 0 to 3, after about 7 to 12 months of processing (Wealthy Expat's estimate). Permanent residency follows from year 3.

Paraguay Permanent Residency

Permanent residency is definitive; the permanent residence card issued by the Dirección Nacional de Migraciones must be renewed every 10 years (Law 6984/2022, Article 59).

Latvia Golden Visa

A new equity-route permit is issued for up to two years (Immigration Law of 20 August 2026, Article 27(1), point 10). Permits issued before 15 September 2026 stay valid until the end of their registration or validity term.

Costa Rica Residency

Temporary residency is renewed every two years, with the dependents, and a card not renewed within three months of expiry can be cancelled. At each renewal DGME checks uninterrupted national health insurance (CCSS), your entries and exits, and for Rentista income from abroad that it was transferred to a Costa Rican bank each month.

Paraguay Permanent Residency

Renew the permanent residence card every 10 years with the Dirección Nacional de Migraciones (PYG 468,308 in cash from 1 July 2026); the renewed card is needed to renew the Paraguayan identity card. Confirm any route-specific maintenance conditions (e.g. the business registration or jobs created) with the local professional.

Latvia Golden Visa

To stay longer, the holder applies for a repeat permit, and the qualifying investment must be maintained. PMLP states that the new law abolishes annual permit registration in several cases. Permanent residence and citizenship have separate conditions.

Costa Rica Residency

Spouse, minor children, adult dependent children

Paraguay Permanent Residency

Spouse, minor children

Latvia Golden Visa

Spouse, minor children

Costa Rica Residency

Adult dependent children: Rentista and Pensionado: children under 25 and adult children with a disability. Inversionista: adult children with a disability, and single children under 25 who are studying and economically dependent. Dependents renew with the main applicant every two years.

Paraguay Permanent Residency

• Spouse: Law 6984/2022 guarantees family reunification for a migrant's spouse, but the investor certificate is issued only to the investor, and no official source sets how an investor's spouse obtains residence on this route; it is confirmed during the eligibility review.
• Minor children: Law 6984/2022 guarantees family reunification for a migrant's unmarried minor children, but no official source sets how an investor's children obtain residence on this route; it is confirmed during the eligibility review.

Latvia Golden Visa

Minor children: Requires kinship documentation and notarised consent from the other parent.

Costa Rica Residency

Not specified

Paraguay Permanent Residency

Not specified

Latvia Golden Visa

Schengen travel

Costa Rica Residency

• Path to permanent residency
• Path to citizenship

Paraguay Permanent Residency

Not specified

Latvia Golden Visa

Not specified

Costa Rica Residency

• Register with your own embassy in Costa Rica.
• Civil and police documents issued abroad must carry an apostille or be authenticated by the Costa Rican consulate in the issuing country, and every document in a foreign language must be translated into Spanish.

Paraguay Permanent Residency

Not specified

Latvia Golden Visa

• Valid health insurance coverage for the main applicant and all included dependants.
• Proof of monthly subsistence funds; the required amount differs by route.

Costa Rica Residency

Not specified

Paraguay Permanent Residency

Not specified

Latvia Golden Visa

Citizens of Russia and Belarus cannot request a temporary residence permit on the share-capital investment ground.

Costa Rica Residency

A national, fingerprint-based police record. Local or state reports are not accepted.

Paraguay Permanent Residency

Provide an apostilled or legalised criminal record certificate from the country of origin (or from the country of residence if you lived elsewhere for more than one year in the last three years), plus INTERPOL Paraguay and National Police certificates for foreigners; all three are required from age 14.

Latvia Golden Visa

Police clearance certificate from the country of residence and country of origin; no criminal record permitted.

Costa Rica Residency

• Inversionista: invest from USD 150,000 in shares of an active Costa Rican company or in real estate registered in your personal name.
• Rentista: proof of at least USD 2,500 a month of permanent, stable income for at least two years.
• Pensionado: a lifetime pension of at least USD 1,000 a month, evidenced by a document from the competent authority.

Paraguay Permanent Residency

• Demonstrate possession of the qualifying investment capital for the selected route.
• Sign a sworn declaration of commitment to the investment project and, for the SUACE business route, register the project with the Vice-Ministry of Industry and Commerce.

Latvia Golden Visa

Documented lawful source of the investment funds.

Costa Rica Residency

• The Inversionista amount needs written confirmation. Law 9996 set USD 150,000 for the law's own term, and its five-year window for incentives closed on 14 July 2026; the regulation in force (Executive Decree 43926 of 2023) still states USD 150,000 and repealed the old USD 200,000 rule.
• Temporary residency under these three routes does not include permission to work in Costa Rica.
• Citizenship cannot be held from abroad. Naturalization needs seven years of genuinely living in Costa Rica (five for Central American, Spanish and Ibero-American nationals by birth), your entry and exit record is checked, and extended absences count against you.
• Older descriptions of the Rentista route mention a USD 60,000 bank deposit and a four-month annual stay. The regulation in force sets neither, and since 2023 a deposit paid back in monthly instalments does not count as income.
• Marriage certificates and police records are valid for six months from issue, so timing matters.
• Requirements, fees and processing estimates can change. Timelines are Wealthy Expat's estimates, not guaranteed decision dates.

Paraguay Permanent Residency

• Requirements, fees and processing estimates can change.
• The tourism, capital markets and real estate routes, added in April 2026, do not yet have a settled track record, and no route has a published end-to-end processing time: SUACE must issue the investor certificate within 5 business days of a complete file, and the National Directorate of Migration publishes no time for the residence decision.
• The SUACE business route requires at least five formal jobs to be created under the approved business plan, with six-monthly progress reports (Resolution No. 0283/2026), an ongoing operating condition, not a one-off payment.

Latvia Golden Visa

• Latvia's real-estate residence-permit route closed to new applications on 15 September 2026, when the new Immigration Law (adopted 20 August 2026, promulgated 1 September 2026) took effect.
• For the equity route, the qualifying company must maintain at least EUR 40,000 in annual tax payments (EUR 100,000 for a medium or large company); failing to do so can affect the permit.
• A holder's repeat permit requires that the investment still qualifies under the previous law. In its last version, that law accepted one property in Riga, Jūrmala or the other areas it listed, or up to two properties outside them, worth at least EUR 250,000 in total.