Three programs, side by side.

Serbia Citizenship by Exception

Direct citizenship

Antigua & Barbuda Citizenship

Direct citizenship

Argentina Citizenship

Direct citizenship

Serbia Citizenship by Exception

Case by case

Antigua & Barbuda Citizenship

From $230,000 · 5 routes

Argentina Citizenship

From $350,000 · 2 routes

Serbia Citizenship by Exception

Merit

Antigua & Barbuda Citizenship

• Government contribution
• Real estate
• Business investment

Argentina Citizenship

• Government contribution
• Bonds

Serbia Citizenship by Exception

Not specified

Antigua & Barbuda Citizenship

• Qualifying investment
• Government fees

Argentina Citizenship

• Qualifying investment
• Government fees

Serbia Citizenship by Exception

Variable

Antigua & Barbuda Citizenship

Variable

Argentina Citizenship

Variable

Serbia Citizenship by Exception

None

Antigua & Barbuda Citizenship

Minimal

Argentina Citizenship

None

Serbia Citizenship by Exception

None stated

Antigua & Barbuda Citizenship

Currently at least 5 days in Antigua and Barbuda during the first five calendar years after citizenship, according to the CIU. The Government has cited the strengthening of the residency requirement by legislation, and a Citizenship by Investment (Amendment) Bill 2026 was listed for first reading in the House of Representatives on 16 June 2026; its passage has not been confirmed in an official source. The ECCIRA Agreement Act 2025 sets 30 days in aggregate for applications made once the regional agreement applies. Confirm the rule for your application date with the licensed agent before filing.

Argentina Citizenship

None stated

Serbia Citizenship by Exception

Not applicable — citizenship is permanent

Antigua & Barbuda Citizenship

Passport valid for 5 years.

Argentina Citizenship

Not applicable — citizenship is permanent

Serbia Citizenship by Exception

Not applicable — citizenship is permanent

Antigua & Barbuda Citizenship

Passport renewal is considered only if the holder has spent a total of 5 days in Antigua and Barbuda in the 5-year period. Renewal application fee: US$1,000 per person aged 18 and over, US$500 for 17 and under.

Argentina Citizenship

Not applicable — citizenship is permanent

Serbia Citizenship by Exception

Spouse, minor children

Antigua & Barbuda Citizenship

Spouse, minor children, adult dependent children, parents, grandparents, other dependents

Argentina Citizenship

Spouse, minor children, adult dependent children

Serbia Citizenship by Exception

• Spouse: After the main applicant has acquired citizenship (Law on Citizenship, Article 19, paragraph 2).
• Minor children: A child under 18 acquires citizenship on the request of a parent who acquired it by admission, if the other parent consents; a child over 14 must also consent (Law on Citizenship, Article 20).

Antigua & Barbuda Citizenship

• Spouse: A future spouse can be added after citizenship for a US$50,000 fee, payable on application (cip.gov.ag, Dependants).
• Adult dependent children: Children aged 30 or younger who are financially dependent on the main applicant; children of any age who are physically or mentally incapacitated and fully supported by the main applicant.
• Parents: Parents of the main applicant or spouse aged 55 or over and fully supported by the main applicant; parents of any age who are physically or mentally incapacitated and fully supported.
• Grandparents: Grandparents of the main applicant or spouse aged 55 or over and fully supported by the main applicant; grandparents of any age who are physically or mentally incapacitated and fully supported.
• Other dependents: Unmarried brothers and sisters of the main applicant or spouse. A sibling under 18 needs the consent of a parent or guardian.

Argentina Citizenship

• Spouse: Joins by proving the family relationship and making an additional US$100,000 Treasury contribution.
• Minor children: Each child under 18 joins with an additional US$25,000 Treasury contribution.
• Adult dependent children: Unmarried and without children of their own. Each joins with an additional US$100,000 Treasury contribution. How and when the age limit is assessed has not been published.

Serbia Citizenship by Exception

The spouse of a person who has acquired citizenship under Article 19 may also be admitted, without the release, residence and written-statement conditions of Article 14.

Antigua & Barbuda Citizenship

• The main applicant must be 18 or over and make one of the four qualifying investments.
• Apply through a licensed agent in Antigua and Barbuda; the CIU may request more information or an interview.
• Applicants are refused for false information, or where a medical practitioner reports that a family member has a contagious disease or serious health problems.
• Successful applicants may not change their name for the issue of the Antigua and Barbuda passport.

Argentina Citizenship

Not specified

Serbia Citizenship by Exception

Not specified

Antigua & Barbuda Citizenship

Nationals of Afghanistan, Iran, North Korea, Somalia, Yemen and Sudan may apply only if they migrated before the age of majority and/or held permanent residence in a non-restricted country for at least 10 years, with no economic ties to a restricted country.

Argentina Citizenship

Not specified

Serbia Citizenship by Exception

Wealthy Expat expects background and security checks; the checks applied in practice are not published.

Antigua & Barbuda Citizenship

• Applicants are refused if, without a free pardon, they were convicted of an offence carrying a maximum penalty of more than six months' imprisonment, are under criminal investigation, are a potential security risk, or are involved in activity likely to bring Antigua and Barbuda into disrepute.
• Applicants are refused if a country with which Antigua and Barbuda has visa-free travel denied them a visa and has not since issued one.

Argentina Citizenship

Pass the Agency's vetting of identity, the traceability and lawful origin of funds, assets and finances, jurisdictional risk, criminal and reputational records, and immigration history.

Serbia Citizenship by Exception

• Show that your admission would represent an interest for the Republic of Serbia (Law on Citizenship, Article 19).
• Wealthy Expat recommends documenting the lawful source of any funds involved in the proposed contribution.

Antigua & Barbuda Citizenship

Not specified

Argentina Citizenship

• Make the non-refundable Treasury contribution of US$350,000, or buy the US$800,000 government bond, and prove the family relationship for each dependant you add.
• Move every payment through the formal financial system, meeting anti-money-laundering, counter-terrorist-financing and financial-transparency standards.

Serbia Citizenship by Exception

• Citizenship is entirely discretionary; approval is granted solely at the discretion of the Government of Serbia and is not guaranteed by any level of investment or contribution.
• Under Article 45 of the Law on Citizenship, the Ministry of Interior annuls a grant obtained contrary to the rules, in particular through false or forged documents or statements or untrue facts, unless the person would become stateless. The law sets no condition on fulfilling a contribution after the grant. In April 2026 the Government was reported to have revoked an Article 19 decision under Article 184 of the Law on General Administrative Procedure, which allows an enforceable decision to be revoked to remove a serious and immediate danger to public safety or public order.
• Serbia does not require release from a prior citizenship on this route, but the applicant's own country of origin might not permit dual nationality.

Antigua & Barbuda Citizenship

• Since 1 January 2026, US Presidential Proclamation 10998 (signed 16 December 2025) has suspended entry of Antigua and Barbuda nationals as immigrants and as nonimmigrants on B-1, B-2, B-1/B-2, F, M and J visas, and directs shorter validity for other nonimmigrant visas. It cites citizenship by investment without residency. Antigua and Barbuda is also included in the US Visa Bond Program, which the United States made permanent in August 2026; in January 2026 the Government said the bond applied only to a narrow category of new visitor visa applicants who qualify under limited exceptions.
• Under the current rule, citizenship may be withdrawn if the citizen does not spend at least 5 days in Antigua and Barbuda during the first five calendar years, with no repayment of the investment.
• The presence rule may change. The Government has cited the strengthening of the residency requirement by legislation (2 August 2026), and a Citizenship by Investment (Amendment) Bill 2026 was listed for first reading in the House of Representatives on 16 June 2026 (Cabinet notes of 10 June 2026); its passage has not been confirmed in an official source. For applications made once the regional agreement applies, the ECCIRA Agreement Act 2025 (No. 18 of 2025) requires at least 30 days of presence in the first five calendar years, which the family can count together, and at least 5 days for each person in the first 12 months; adds an integration programme that may include an interview; and issues passports for 5 years, renewable for 10 only once the CIU certifies that the presence and integration requirements have been met. The Act takes effect on a date set by Ministerial Order.
• In a letter dated 25 June 2026, the European Commission formally asked Antigua and Barbuda to phase out its citizenship-by-investment programme by 1 June 2028, under the EU's revised visa suspension mechanism. Schengen visa-free access is not suspended, and the government has said the programme will continue.
• Real estate bought under the programme cannot be resold within five years of purchase, except into another approved property.
• Requirements, fees and processing estimates can change.

Argentina Citizenship

• Decreto (DNU) 366/2025, which created the investment route and the Agency, has been challenged in court. On 18 June 2026 a federal appeals court (Sala III, Cámara Nacional de Apelaciones en lo Civil y Comercial Federal) held it unconstitutional, as regards moving naturalisation from the courts, in one applicant's case and returned her request to a federal judge. On 30 June 2026 the Cámara Nacional Electoral declared the decree null in another applicant's case and told the Ministry of Security to instruct the National Directorate of Migration accordingly. Neither ruling examined the investment route itself, although the decree the Cámara Nacional Electoral declared null is the one that created it. The second case is reported to be before the Supreme Court.
• The government bond ties up US$800,000; its terms have not been published, and press reports say it must be held for seven years and pays no interest. Advisers note that a lower entry price does not make a route the right one without comparing liquidity and opportunity cost.
• Requirements, fees and processing estimates can change.